Issue 6/2022

Keywords: environmental engineering, Institute, University of Technology

Abstract
The article describes the history and activity of the Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering Lodz University of Technology, on the occasion of its 50th anniversary. The following are presented: historical outline; students’ education profile; and the scope of scientific and research activities.

Keywords: heat, losses, furnace, combustible, insulation

Abstract
Internal and external insulations are used to reduce the impact of heat transfer processes from power equipment to the environment, and to reduce heat loss and increase equipment efficiency. Industrial high-temperature equipment, which includes fluidized bed furnaces, does not always need to have external insulation. In the presented considerations, a very important issue related to health and safety was omitted, while the focus was on the problem of heat loss generation and its utilization. It is particularly important because the knowledge of the principles of heat exchange allows for improving the conditions of this process, reducing the start and increasing the efficiency of heating surfaces and maintaining the appropriate shapes of these surfaces. An important element is also the use of the arising heat losses for other purposes, which may influence rational heat management in industrial halls. An example of such rational heat management may be a fluidized bed furnace intended for burning communal sewage sludge. In such a case the refractory lining constitutes the insulation between the combustion chamber and the surroundings. On the other hand, the influence of heat exchange processes, among others heat losses, is noticeable by increased temperature in the furnace surroundings. In such a situation the following questions arise: is additional external insulation necessary, will it be possible and easier to operate such a device, will the heat loss be usable? These are the theses that the authors will try to answer in the following article. The conducted research allows us to conclude that heat losses are caused by its penetration, that insulation is not necessarily needed in the operation of this type of equipment, and temperature differences can be used to increase thermal comfort of industrial rooms.

Keywords: heat, hot water circulation, thermal centre, heat meter, energy performance certificate

Abstract
The topic of the article is a study of heat losses in the circulation circuit of a hot water system in a multi-family residential building. The results of the investigations are presented with the use of an additionally metered district heating substation; the investigations have been conducted in the winter and summer seasons. An analysis of heat losses in the domestic hot water installation has been conducted and recommendations have been given for their reduction

Keywords: heating substations, modernization heating substations

Abstract
This article presents technical design solutions for the modernization of heating substations located in multi-family residential buildings in the Widzew housing estate. The existing heating substations work for the needs of central heating installations and preparation of domestic hot water. Buildings in which heating substations are located are connected to the municipal heating network operated by the heat supplier Veolia Energia Łódź S.A. The modernization of heating substations consisted in the replacement of devices and fittings installed on the network side (high) and on the installation side (low). Existing devices in the heating substations, such as heat exchangers, main and circulation pumps, automation, valves, strainers, piping, etc., have been replaced with new ones that meet the applicable regulations and Veolia guidelines. This solution made it possible to increase the efficiency of the entire heat source system. In addition, heating substations are equipped with telemetry systems enabling optimization of the heating substations operation and heat distribution.

Keywords: renewable heat source, heating, photovoltaic cells, heat pump

Abstract
Energy sources can be divided into renewable and non-renewable. Non-renewable sources are sources whose resources are in certain quantities, e.g., coal, oil. Renewable sources , on the other hand, are sources where the energy is common and even long-term use of the source does not cause its deficit, e.g. sunlight, wind. The aim of the research was to analyze the possibilities of using renewable energy sources in a mountain chalet. An actual object is analyzed – a PTTK mountain hostel on Hala Łabowska in Beskid Sadecki – from the point of view of application of devices using unconventional energy sources, such as: solar collectors, heat pumps, photovoltaic cells or wind turbines. The specificity of the building is that there is no electricity grid connected to the building. The heat source is a solid fuel boiler, and electricity is generated by a generator. The analysis made it possible to select equipment using renewable energy sources, ensuring ecology, independence and self-sufficiency of the facility.

Keywords: compressor heat pump, heating systems, investment costs

Abstract
The test subject was a WPC 13 compressor brine/water heat pump with a heating capacity of 13.2 kW. The test site was located in a single-family building with a total area of 340 m2 [1]. The heat pump was adapted to cooperate with a low-temperature heat exchanger, which was a water tank located next to the building. In the paper a comparative evaluation of the costs of heat generation for the central heating system has been made, taking into account the heating systems based on: compressor heat pump, gas-fired boiler, oil-fired boiler and eco-pea coal-fired boiler