In issue 11/2025

Słowa kluczowe: thermomodernization, energy audit, energy savings, heat loss

Streszczenie:
The article presents the effects of a deep thermo-modernization of a single-family building, which consisted of modernizing the heat source, improving the control of the operation of the heating system and reducing the amount of heat penetrating into the environment during the winter season by insulating the external envelope and replacing windows and doors. Additional measures included the installation of a PV system. The work was carried out in stages. The results obtained after the various stages are shown in the charts. An energy audit was also prepared for the initial and final states. The results indicate that the building has achieved a significant improvement in the reduction of energy consumed and has achieved a B-class in the EPBD classification from the initial G-class.

Słowa kluczowe: Hydrogen fuels, alternative, decarbonization, gas appliances

Streszczenie:
Introduction: The problems of environmental pollution, climate change and ensuring energy security have generated interest in recent years in producing renewable hydrogen and using it in various industries. Hydrogen is considered not only as an energy carrier and storage, but also as an alternative fuel, the combustion of which in a mixture with natural gas can reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the properties of hydrogen and hydrogen-gas mixtures and the hydrogen concentration levels that ensure the safe operation of gas plant components. Methods: The article includes a review of the literature in the subject of the effects of the addition of hydrogen to natural gas on the tightness of pipes, the operation of gas appliances used in households, the functioning of gas meters and pressure regulators. Conclusions and reference to practical applications: Adding hydrogen to natural gas reduces the quality parameters of this fuel. Meeting the criteria related to caloricity is possible for hydrogen concentrations in the mixture reaching more than 20%, but is highly dependent on the gas group and its composition. An analysis of available literature studies indicates that hydrogen content up to the level of 15% should not cause technical difficulties or deterioration in the safety of operation of domestic gas installations and appliances.

Słowa kluczowe: indoor air quality, sick building syndrome, HVA, CHEPA, microorganisms, VOC, MLZO

Streszczenie:
The accumulation of pollutants in enclosed spaces adversely affects human comfort and health and leads to the so-called "Sick Building Syndrome" (SBS). For this reason, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in residential spaces and in buildings and public places has become an important determinant of the health and well-being of occupants. In 1987. The World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of symptoms associated with SBS: 1. Typically allergic complaints: mucositis, bronchial asthma, chronic laryngitis and bronchitis; 2. Non-allergic illnesses: migraines, irritability, concentration disorders; 3. Others: legionnaires' disease (caused by infection with the Legionella bacterium), air conditioning fever (humidifier fever), cancer, resulting from exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke, asbestos and radon. According to the WHO and the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), these symptoms are related to indoor environmental problems, such as unfavorable room temperature, humidity, building moisture, ventilation flow, building materials, noise, lighting, exposure to microorganisms such as molds and bacteria, house dust mite allergens and volatile organic compounds; VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds; VOCs) and microbial volatile organic compounds; MLZOs (Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds; MVOCs). The development of modern building technologies, global climate change and the drive for energy efficiency have led to a shift from natural (passive) ventilation systems to mechanical ventilation systems (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning; HVAC) with different operating principles to ensure adequate indoor air exchange. A growing number of studies in recent years have indicated that air handling units can be a source of microorganisms and chemicals that cause secondary indoor contamination. This article presents a literature review on biological and chemical contaminants floating in indoor air. Particular attention was paid to volatile organic compounds, especially of microbial origin. The sources and causes of contaminants are discussed, as well as the possibility of chemical reactions in the air and on filters leading to the formation of secondary organic contaminants. Attention was given to the role of HVAC systems in managing microbial and chemical contaminants in indoor environments.

Słowa kluczowe: renewable energy sources, air quality

Streszczenie:
The issues of "Renewable Energy Sources" and "Air Quality" are currently of interest to the scientific community, as well as to policy makers, local governments, social organizations and various individuals, due to their direct impact on public health and ecosystem functioning. For this reason, the authors of the article decided to analyze the "scale" of this impact and indicate the frequencies of such terms as: "Renewable Energy Sources" and "Air Quality" in the LEX Legal Information System - Wolters Kluwer. As a result, a quantitative assessment of the status of legal acts, court and administrative rulings, as well as related fields of law and administration with selected issues was carried out. As a result, an analysis of the differences and similarities for both passwords in Polish legislation was carried out. The results presented can provide a foundation for the identification of so-called "legislative gaps" and support the sustainable development of the environment with the use of new technologies.